Cancer Metabolism

Cancer, above all other diseases, has countless secondary causes. Almost anything can cause cancer. But, even for cancer, there is only one prime cause, the replacement of the respiration of oxygen in normal body cells by fermentation of sugar. All normal body cells meet their energy needs by respiration of oxygen, whereas cancer cells meet their energy needs in great part by fermentation. All normal body cells are thus obligate aerobes, whereas all cancer cells are partial anaerobes. Oxygen gas, the donor of energy is dethroned in the cancer cells and replaced by the energy yielding reaction of the lowest living forms, namely the fermentation of sugar.

During cancer development, the oxygen respiration always falls, fermentation appears, and the highly differentiated cells are transformed into fermenting anaerobes, which have lost all their body functions and retain only the now useless property of growth and replication. To prevent cancer, the first step is to keep the speed of the blood stream so high that the venous blood still contains sufficient oxygen; second, to keep high the concentration of hemoglobin in the blood; third, to add always to the food, even of healthy people, the active groups of the respiratory enzymes; and to increase the doses of these groups, if a precancerous state has already developed. If at the same time exogenous carcinogens are excluded rigorously, then much of the endogenous cancer may be prevented today.

Many experts agree that one could prevent about 80% of all cancers if one could keep away the known carcinogens from the normal body cells. But how can the remaining 20%, the so-called spontaneous cancers, be prevented? It is indisputable that all cancer could be prevented if the respiration of body cells were kept intact. If a lowered oxygen pressure during cell growth may cause cancer, or, more generally, if any inhibition of respiration during growth may cause cancer, then a next problem is to show why reduced respiration induces cancer.  Cancer development takes place even in the presence of free oxygen gas in the atmosphere, but this oxygen may not penetrate in sufficient quantity into the growing body cells, or the respiratory apo-enzymes of the growing body cells may not be saturated with the active groups. In any case, during the cancer development the oxygen – respiration always falls, fermentation appears, and the highly differentiated cells are transformed to fermenting anaerobes, which have lost all their body functions and retain only the now useless property of growth. Thus, when respiration disappears, what remains are growing unicellular anaerobes that destroy the body in which they grow.

Impairment of respiration is more frequent than impairment of fermentation because respiration is more complicated than fermentation. The impaired respiration can be easily replaced by fermentation because both processes have a common catalyst, the nicotinamide. The consequence of the replacement of respiration by fermentation is mostly glycolysis, with death of the cells by lack of energy. Only if the energy of fermentation is equivalent to the lost energy of respiration, is the consequence anaerobiosis. Glycolysis means death by fermentation, anaerobiosis means life by fermentation. Cancer arises, because respiration, but not fermentation, can maintain and create the high differentiation of body cells. Cancer cells owing to their fermentation, are more acid – inside and on their surface – than normal cells. The cause of cancer is acidosis and lack of oxygen. Cancer thrives in acidic conditions. No disease, including cancer, can exist in an alkaline environment. In other words, the main cause for cancer is acidity of the human body.

Biochemist Otto Heinrich Warburg, one of the twentieth century’s leading cell biologists, discovered that the root cause of cancer is too much acidity in the body, meaning that the pH, potential hydrogen, in the body is below the normal level of 7.365, which constitutes an “acidic” state. Warburg investigated the metabolism of tumors and the respiration of cells and discovered that cancer cells maintain and thrive in a lower pH, as low as 6.0, due to lactic acid production and elevated CO2. He firmly believed that there was a direct relationship between pH and oxygen. Higher pH, which is Alkaline, means higher concentration of oxygen molecules, while lower pH, which is acidic, means lower concentrations of oxygen…the same oxygen that is needed to maintain healthy cells.

In 1931 he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine for this important discovery. Dr. Warburg was director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute (now Max Planck Institute) for cell physiology at Berlin. He investigated the metabolism of tumors and the respiration of cells, particularly cancer cells. Below are some direct quotes by Dr. Warburg during medical lectures where he was the keynote speaker: “Cancerous tissues are acidic, whereas healthy tissues are alkaline. Water splits into H+ and OH- ions, if there is an excess of H+, it is acidic; if there is an excess of OH- ions, then it is alkaline.” In his work “The Metabolism of Tumors” Warburg demonstrated that all forms of cancer are characterized by two basic conditions: acidosis and hypoxia (lack of oxygen). “Lack of oxygen and acidosis are two sides of the same coin: where you have one, you have the other. All normal cells have an absolute requirement for oxygen, but cancer cells can live without oxygen – a rule without exception. Deprive a cell 35% of its oxygen for 48 hours and it may become cancerous.”  Dr. Warburg has made it clear that the root cause of cancer is oxygen deficiency, which creates an acidic state in the human body. Dr. Warburg also discovered that cancer cells are anaerobic (do not breathe oxygen) and cannot survive in the presence of high levels of oxygen, as found in an alkaline state.

The classical example of a reprogrammed metabolic pathway in cancer is the Warburg effect or aerobic glycolysis (11). Glycolysis is a physiological response to hypoxia in normal tissues, but Otto Warburg in the 1920s observed that tumor slices and ascites cancer cells constitutively take up glucose and produce lactate regardless of oxygen availability, an observation that has been seen in many types of cancer cells and tumors (12). The increase in glycolytic flux allows glycolytic intermediates to supply subsidiary pathways to fulfill the metabolic demands of proliferating cells (11). Like glycolytic intermediates, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates are also used as precursors for macromolecule synthesis (13). Their utilization in bio-synthetic pathways requires that carbon be resupplied to the cycle so that intermediate pools are maintained; pathways that “refill” the cycle are termed anaplerotic pathways, and they generate TCA cycle intermediates that can enter the cycle at sites other than acetyl-CoA (coenzyme A) (14). Two activities that provide anaplerotic fluxes in cancer cells are glutaminolysis, which produces α-ketoglutarate from glutamine, and pyruvate carboxylation, which produces oxaloacetate from glucose/pyruvate. Oxidation of the branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) isoleucine and valine also provides an anaplerotic flux in some tissues.

To specifically target cancer metabolism, experts recommend that people with cancer eat and drink a wide variety of foods that provide nutrients such as vitamins, minerals, protein, carbohydrates, fat, and water. The American Cancer Society recommends eating a variety of vegetables, fruits, whole grains, beans, legumes, and limiting red meat, processed meat, sugar-sweetened drinks, and highly processed foods. Insulin is a hormone that directly affects metabolism, weight gain, aging and overall health. Insulin’s effectiveness is affected by unbalanced diets which increase glucose levels and spike insulin levels causing excess glucose to be stored as fat. Unhealthy insulin levels lead to Insulin Resistance, pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes, and other serious health conditions including heart disease and Alzheimer’s. Controlling glucose, maintaining healthy insulin levels and eliminating conventional starvation dieting is the secret to lasting weight loss and wellness.  GOLO foods blends will safely and effectively control sugar cravings, hunger, and minimize muscle loss allowing one to feel good and inspired to achieve the desired goal weight through whole-body wellness.

Why is it so hard to lose weight and keep it off? The truth is, Insulin Resistance and muscle loss are the root problems, but the diet and pharmaceutical industries don’t want to talk about it. Why? Because they make it worse and want you to stay dieting for life. Starving the body for weight loss leads to muscle loss and a slower metabolism. What that means is that you plateau quicker and potentially never reach your goal weight. Worse still when you go off the starvation diet you gain weight back easier and faster. Every time you repeat this cycle your body fat percentage increases, your muscle mass goes down and metabolism gets slower. If you crash diet and lose 50 pounds. 25 pounds lost is fat and 25 lost is muscle. When you gain the weight back, you don’t get the muscle back. You gain 50 pounds of fat. Crash dieting also disrupts the hormones that control weight and increases your risk of serious health conditions. If you have a slow metabolism and gain weight easily it is important that you manage your glucose and insulin levels and avoid or minimize muscle loss during weight loss. Before you consider drastic measures like the new weight loss and diabetes injections, with dangerous side effects including significant muscle loss, consider GOLO foods. Balanced Nutrition Foods is another area I made some changes.